Results of Configuration Tests For Effectivity Levels at Flow Rates from 0.5 - 10 gpm

Based upon the original testing methodology presented in "Experimental Evidence for the Effects of Magnetic Fields on Moving Water" as appeared in the 1984 Institute of Electric and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Conference transactions: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. Mag-21, No. 5, September 1985, pages 2059-2061, by Dr. Klaus J. Kronenberg.

Product tested	SoPhTec® International proprietary product Model C-500, a clamp-on type physical water conditioner.
Purpose of test	To evaluate a range of magnetic configurations and their effect upon CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) in municipal water at specific flow rates of 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 gpm and to determine final configuration for the design of the C-500. (Higher overall levels of effectivity for flow rates between 0.5 and 10 gpm are the basis for the final configuration design.)
Sample water used	The water tested was from the municipal supply for the city of Claremont, California.

Experiments

The development of the forming crystals of the mineral content of the water was observed microscopically in polarized light. Significant phases of the solidification processes were recorded photographically in polarized light. Attention was focussed on the crystals of CaCO₃, which is the main component of the mineral content of most waters. The calcium carbonate crystals are particularly identifiable in the polarized light because they are optically active and produce striking contrasts.

The micrographs show only a part of the perimeter of a drop because almost all the solidification of the minerals takes place at, or close to, the outer rim of the drops.

Unconditioned tap water evaporates leaving a ring of prismatic crystals along its perimeter; a small amount of the minerals form dendritic structures on the center of the drop (Figure 1 [omitted]).

If the same water has moved through effectively configured magnetic fields it evaporates with some of the mineral content solidifying in the form of circular, disc-shaped crystals (Figures 2 - 6 [omitted]). The prismatic crystals are less in number depending on the amount of mineral crystallized in the form of the disc-shaped, separate crystals.

In order to establish a quantitative measure of the effect of the magnetic conditioning, we define the effectivity (E) by the reduction of the prismatic crystals of CaCO₃ which have grown on the substrate. The number of these crystals sitting around the rim of each evaporated water drop is counted. The number of these crystals found on the rim of a drop of conditioned water is subtracted from the number found on the rim of the drop of unconditioned water. The difference is the number of substrate grown crystals having been prevented by the conditioning. It can be expressed in percent of the amount of such crystals around the drop of unconditioned water. Example: If the drop of unconditioned water is surrounded by 100 prismatic crystals, and the same-size drop of conditioned water on the same slide shows only 15 such crystals, we determine the effectivity to be 85%.

In all observed cases circular crystals of CaCO₃ can be seen in abundance in the evaporated drop of the conditioned water. They show the typical structure of crystals which have grown around nucleation centers in the water. The conditioning has produced these nucleation centers for these crystals to have grown in the volume of the water. The CaCO₃ found these convenient starting points for their solidification in the water, so they did not have the help of the substrate for their crystallization.

Of major importance was the sequence of the polarity of the fields.

The configuration selected as the production configuration for the Model C-500 produced the results reflected in Figure 6 [omitted]. This was the highest of any of the tested configurations, not only at 5 gpm, but at all four flow rates tested, ranging between 75% and 80% effectivity at all flow rates. This is deemed to be a very high effectivity over such a broad range of flow rates for a clamp-on type physical water conditioner.

All effectivity values depended sharply on the velocity with which the water had moved through the field sequence. Table 1 shows the final tested curves of the effectivity for the final magnet arrangement for the C-500 plotted against the velocity of the water at 0.5, 2, 5, and 10 gpm. Test configurations #2 and #7 are provided for comparison.

Table 1: Effectivity vs. flow rate for three test configurations.

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